Zhang, Jialong; Mason, Alexander H.; Motta, Alessandro; Cesar, Laryssa G.; Kratish, Yosi; Lohr, Tracy L.; Miller, Jeffrey T.; Gao, Yanshan; Marks, Tobin J. published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Surface vs Homogeneous Organo-Hafnium Catalyst Ion-Pairing and Ligand Effects on Ethylene Homo- and Copolymerizations》, and you may find the article in ACS Catalysis.Formula: C9H11Br The information in the text is summarized as follows:
Heterogeneous catalysts have long dominated polyethylene and polypropylene production, but understanding their catalysis is challenged by uncertainties in active site structures and percentages. Surface-bound organometallic catalysts are an emerging strategy to combine successful homogeneous catalysts having well-understood structures, relatively high percentages of active sites, and exceptional control of selectivity, with the attractions of surface catalysts, to transition promising homogeneous systems to large-scale heterogeneous ones. Nevertheless, surface-bound olefin polymerization catalysts typically produce ultrahigh Mw’s but with low activity and comonomer selectivity. Here, the authors report the systematic synthesis and characterization of pyridylamido-Hf complexes and their corresponding surface catalysts chemisorbed on sulfated alumina (AlS) and zirconia (ZrS). Comparative ethylene homo- and 1-octene copolymerizations reveal similar activity and 1-octene selectivity trends in the homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. For the surface pyridylamido-Hf catalyst series, large variations in activity (up to 10x) and 1-octene incorporation (up to 28x) are achieved by ligand and support manipulation. While the homogeneous catalysts exhibit pos. comonomer effects in ethylene/1-octene copolymerization, the surface catalysts behave oppositely. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) reveals significantly elongated Hf···O bond distances vs. typical Hf-O covalent bonds (2.06 vs. 1.97 Å). D. functional theory (DFT) anal. of the heterolytic ion pair separation enthalpies, olefin insertion energetics, and NBO/Bader charges also suggest electrostatic Hf cation-anionic support binding and catalytic patterns, which are modulated by the ion-pairing energetics and ligand architecture. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1-Bromo-2-isopropylbenzene(cas: 7073-94-1Formula: C9H11Br)
1-Bromo-2-isopropylbenzene(cas: 7073-94-1) belongs to organobromine compounds.Depending on the type of carbon to which the bromine is bonded, organic bromide could be alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl. Formula: C9H11Br Alkyl bromides are mainly used as alkylating agents and also find application as a solvent to extract oil from seeds and wool.
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary