Category: 52431-30-8

Sen, Choong Ping published the artcileLow-Band-Gap BODIPY Conjugated Copolymers for Sensing Volatile Organic Compounds, SDS of cas: 52431-30-8, the publication is Chemistry – A European Journal (2015), 21(48), 17344-17354, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Conjugated polymers with strong photophys. properties were used in many applications. A homopolymer (P1) and five new low band gap copolymers based on 4,4′-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) and acceptors 3,6-dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (P2), phthalimide (P3), benzotriazole (P4), 4,7-dithienyl[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5g]quinoxaline (P5), and 2,5-dithienylthieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (P6) were prepared by Sonogashira polymerization The characterization of polymers by using ¹H NMR, absorption, and emission spectroscopy is discussed. All polymers with high mol. weights (M_n) of 16,000 to 89,000 g mol^-1 showed absorption maxima in the deep-red region (λ=630-760 nm) in solution and exhibited significant red shifts (up to 70 nm) in thin films. Polymers P2, P5, and P6 showed narrow optical band gaps of 1.38, 1.35, and 1.38 eV, resp., which are significantly lower than that of P1 (1.63 eV). The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymers were calculated by using cyclic voltammetry measurements. The LUMO energy levels of BODIPY-based alternating copolymers were independent of the acceptors; probably the major factor that tunes the LUMO energy levels of the polymers could be the BODIPY core. All polymers showed selective and reproducible detection of volatile organic solvents, such as toluene and benzene, which could be used for developing sensors.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C9H6FNO, SDS of cas: 52431-30-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Freytag, Karen published the artcileHybrid single-chain nanoparticles via the metal induced crosslinking of N-donor functionalized polymer chains, Name: 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, the publication is Polymer Chemistry (2017), 8(48), 7546-7558, database is CAplus.

A set of copolymers based on Bu acrylate and 4-vinylpyridine was synthesized with mol. weights ranging from 6000 to 70 000 g/mol and an amount of metal binding sites ranging from 3 to 22 mol%. These organosol. precursors with hydrophobic side chains were treated with Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Pd²⁺. The coordination of metal ions to pyridine moieties as versatile N-donors led to intrachain crosslinking and subsequent chain collapse. A set of 34 hybrid single-chain nanoparticles was prepd and their formation was monitored by dynamic light scattering and diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy. The influence of mol. weight, mol. weight distribution, and amount of binding sites on size reduction during single-chain nanoparticle formation was discussed in the context of models given in the literature. An indication for the dependency of size reduction on the coordinative bond strength was given. Selected crosslinking metal centers were analyzed by theor. investigations. A significant freedom for the coordination geometry which can induce chain collapse was revealed.

Polymer Chemistry published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C4Br2N2O4S, Name: 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Schwiderski, Ryan L. published the artcileSynthesis and Characterization of Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-Based Terthienyls: Tunable Precursors for Low Band Gap Conjugated Materials, Synthetic Route of 52431-30-8, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2013), 78(11), 5453-5462, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of new 2,3-dihalo- and 2,3-ditriflato-5,7-bis(2-thienyl)thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines. From these reactive intermediates, a variety of new 2,3-difunctionalized 5,7-bis(2-thienyl)thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines have been produced as precursors to conjugated materials. Structural, electronic, and optical characterization of these new analogs illustrate the extent to which the electronic nature of the functional groups can be used to tune the electronic properties of these thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based terthienyl units.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C9H22OSi, Synthetic Route of 52431-30-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Yen, Wei-Che published the artcileSynthesis and characterization of low bandgap copolymers based on indenofluorene and thiophene derivative, HPLC of Formula: 52431-30-8, the publication is Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry (2009), 47(19), 5044-5056, database is CAplus.

A series of low band gap, highly soluble alternating conjugated copolymers, comprised of 11,11,12,12-tetrahexylindenofluorene and thiophene derivatives (P1–P4), were synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with very good yields. Described here are the synthesis, thermal, optical, and electrochem. properties of these new copolymers as potential new active materials for electronic and optoelectronic device applications. P1 and P2 have electron donating non-π-substituents with ethylenedioxy and propylenedioxy bridging the 3,3 positions of the cyclopentadithiophene groups; whereas P3 and P4 have electron withdrawing π-substituents (carbonyl and pyrazine groups on P3 and P4, resp.). For the main absorptions in UV-vis spectrum, P1 and P2 displayed more red absorptions in comparison with P3 and P4. Nevertheless, much suppressed quantum yields are exhibited by P3 and P4. The behaviors of P3 can be attributed to the significant charge transfer interactions between the π-substituents and the conjugated polymer backbone that leads to a less allowed optical transition between the ground and the lowest excited state. For P4, the weak fluorescence might associate with energy transfer from indenofluorene to the low band gap thiophene-pyrazinethiophene-thiophene (T-PT-T) unit. In comparison with the corresponding polymers containing fluorene instead of indenofluorene, the use of indenofluorene exhibited mixed effects on the optical properties and improved solubility © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5044-5056, 2009.

Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C19H34ClN, HPLC of Formula: 52431-30-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

King, Andrew J. published the artcileA Chain-Growth Mechanism for Conjugated Polymer Synthesis Facilitated by Dinuclear Complexes with Redox-Active Ligands, SDS of cas: 52431-30-8, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2022), 61(29), e202206044, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Conjugated polymers are widely used in energy conversion and sensor applications, but their synthesis relies on imprecise step-growth or narrow-scope chain-growth methods, typically based on transition metal (TM)-catalyzed cross-coupling. Here we report that a dinickel complex with a redox-active naphthyridine diimine ligand accesses new chain-growth mechanistic manifolds for both donor and acceptor conjugated polymers, represented by poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(2,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)thienopyrazine), and poly(2-(2-octyldodecyl)benzotriazole). For the latter, our method is particularly effective: we achieve high ds.p. (DP) (>100) with moderate dispersities (D) of ≈1.4. Mechanistic anal. supports a radical/radical anion chain-growth mechanism with organometallic intermediates instead of TM-catalyzed cross-couplings. Hence, our work develops new mechanisms for conjugated polymer synthesis and furnishes insights about the elementary reactivity of dinuclear complexes.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C4Br2N2O4S, SDS of cas: 52431-30-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Cai, Tian-Qi published the artcileLow bandgap polymers synthesized by FeCl₃ oxidative polymerization, Category: bromides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells (2010), 94(7), 1275-1281, database is CAplus.

Four low bandgap polymers, combining an alkyl thiophene donor with benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline, 2,3-diphenylthieno[3,4-b]pyrazine and 6,7-diphenyl-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline acceptors in a donor-acceptor-donor architecture, were synthesized via FeCl₃ oxidative polymerization The mol. weights of the polymers were improved by introducing o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) as the reaction solvent instead of the commonly used solvent, chloroform. The photophys., electrochem. and photovoltaic properties of the resulting polymers were investigated and compared. The optical bandgaps of the polymers vary between 1.0 and 1.9 eV, which is promising for solar cells. The devices spin-coated from an ODCB solution of P1DB:[70]PCBM showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.08% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.91 V and a short-circuit c.d. of 3.36 mA cm^-2 under irradiation from an AM1.5G solar simulator (100 mW cm^-2).

Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C4Br2N2O4S, Category: bromides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Qi, Ji published the artcileOptimization of Solubility, Film Morphology and Photodetector Performance by Molecular Side-Chain Engineering of Low-Bandgap Thienothiadiazole-Based Polymers, HPLC of Formula: 52431-30-8, the publication is Advanced Functional Materials (2014), 24(48), 7605-7612, database is CAplus.

A series of donor-acceptor (D-A) type low-bandgap polymers containing the terthiophene and thieno[3,4-b]thiadiazole units in the main chain but different numbers of identical side chains are designed and synthesized in order to study the effect of side chain on the polymer properties and optimize the performance of polymer photodetectors. Variation in the side chain content can influence the polymer solubility, mol. packing, and film morphol., which in turn affects the photodetector performance, particularly with regard to the photoresponsivity and dark current. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that mol. ordering increases with more side chains. Atomic force microscopy shows that appropriate morphol. of the active layer in the polymer photodetector is necessary for high photocurrent and low dark current. Using BCP as a hole blocking layer (10 nm), the photodetector based on P4 exhibits the optimized performance with specific detectivity of 1.4 × 10¹² Jones at 800 nm, which is among the best reported values for polymer photodetectors and even comparable to that of a silicon photodetector.

Advanced Functional Materials published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C4Br2N2O4S, HPLC of Formula: 52431-30-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Xu, Zhen published the artcileColor tuning for black-to-transmissive conjugated copolymer with excellent electrochromic properties via electrochemical copolymerization of two donor-acceptor type monomers, Related Products of bromides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Materials & Design (2020), 108903, database is CAplus.

Copolymerization towards producing broadly absorbing black neutrality for flexible electrochromics was investigated. Neutral-state saturated green and dark blue donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) polymers consisting of electron-acceptor thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine and benzo[1,2,3]triazole based units resp., were chosen as distributed segments, simultaneous with their tendency to switch to transmissive oxidation states. Variation of the feed ratio of two precursors in a mixture solution was used to regulate the energy and spectral absorption range of electrochem. copolymerization films. Co-polymer PEM-11 in 1:1 monomer feed ratio demonstrated a full range of visible absorption, and switched between an improved saturated black neutral state (L* = 43.68, a* = 4.98, b* = -13.13) and a light gray transmissive oxidation state (L* = 67.30, a* = -1.36, b* = 1.67) reversibly, where L* represents white to black balance, a* red to green and b* yellow to blue, with the optical contrast of 35% at 590 nm and switching speed as low as 0.6 s. Furthermore, the PEM-11 film exhibited stable n-doping, favorable cycle stability, and a lower electrochem./optical band-gap (0.80 eV/1.21 eV) in comparison with the reported individual neutral black ECPs. The results suggested that the as-obtained copolymer could be a promising candidate for electrochromic windows, e-papers, or eyewear applications.

Materials & Design published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C13H10F2, Related Products of bromides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Zhang, Bo published the artcile3,4-Dicyanothiophene-a Versatile Building Block for Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells, Quality Control of 52431-30-8, the publication is Advanced Energy Materials (2020), 10(12), 1904247, database is CAplus.

In this contribution, a versatile building block, 3,4-dicyanothiophene (DCT), which possesses structural simplicity and synthetic accessibility for constructing high-performance, low-cost, wide-bandgap conjugated polymers for use as donors in polymer solar cells (PSCs), is reported. A prototype polymer, PB3TCN-C66, and its cyano-free analog polymer PB3T-C66, are synthesized to evaluate the potential of using DCT in nonfullerene PSCs. A stronger aggregation property in solution, higher thermal transition temperatures with higher enthalpies, a larger dipole moment, higher relative dielec. constant, and more linear conformation are exhibited by PB3TCN-C66. Solar cells employing IT-4F as the electron acceptor offer power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.2% and 2.3% for PB3TCN-C66 and PB3T-C66, resp. Morphol. characterizations reveal that the PB3TCN-C66:IT-4F blend exhibits better π-π paracrystallinity, a contracted domain size, and higher phase purity, consistent with its higher mol. interaction parameter, derived from thermodn. calculations Moreover, PB3TCN-C66 offers a higher open-circuit voltage and reduced energy loss than most state-of-the-art wide-bandgap polymers, without the need of addnl. electron-withdrawing substituents. Two addnl. polymers derived from DCT also demonstrate promising performance with a higher PCE of 13.4% being achieved. Thus, DCT represents a versatile and promising building block for constructing high-performance, low-cost, conjugated polymers for application in PSCs.

Advanced Energy Materials published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C12H16N2O2, Quality Control of 52431-30-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Liyanage, Nalaka P. published the artcileThieno[3,4-b]pyrazine as an Electron Deficient π-Bridge in D-A-π-A DSCs, Synthetic Route of 52431-30-8, the publication is ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2016), 8(8), 5376-5384, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TPz) is examined as an electron deficient π-bridge enabling near-IR (NIR) spectral access in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Seven dissym. dyes for DSCs were synthesized (NL2-NL8) with TPz as the π-bridge utilizing palladium catalyzed C-H activation methodol. C-H bond cross-coupling was uniquely effective among the cross-couplings and electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions analyzed in monofunctionalizing the TPz building block. The TPz-based NL2-NL8 dyes examine the effects of various donors, π-spacers, and acceptors within the donor-π bridge-acceptor (D-π-A) dye design. Proarom. TPz stabilizes the excited-state oxidation potential (E_s+/s*) of the dyes by maintaining aromaticity upon excitation of the dye mol. This leads to concise conjugated systems capable of accessing the NIR region. Through judicious structural modifications, dye band gaps were reduced to 1.48 eV, and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reached 7.1% in this first generation TPz-dye series.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C4Br2N2O4S, Synthetic Route of 52431-30-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary