Category: 2969-81-5

《Vinyl Azides as Radical Acceptors in the Vitamin B12-Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ketones》 was written by Dworakowski, Krzysztof R.; Pisarek, Sabina; Hassan, Sidra; Gryko, Dorota. Recommanded Product: 2969-81-5This research focused onunsym ketone preparation; vinyl azide alkyl bromide Vitamin B12 catalyst light irradiation. The article conveys some information:

Vitamin B12 catalyzed the reaction of vinyl azides with electrophiles under light irradiation to afforded unsym. carbonyl compounds R1C(O)CH2R2 [R1 = Ph, 4-t-BuC6H4, 4-ClC6H4, etc.; R2 = (CH2)3CN, (CH2)3Ph, (CH2)3C(O)OEt, etc.] in decent yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that alkyl radicals were key intermediates in this transformation. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Recommanded Product: 2969-81-5)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Recommanded Product: 2969-81-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Synergistic cooperation of bi-active hydrogen atoms in protic carboxyl imidazolium ionic liquids to push cycloaddition of CO2 under benign conditions》 were Wang, Tengfei; Zhu, Xinrui; Mao, Lemin; Liu, Yi; Ren, Tiegang; Wang, Li; Zhang, Jinglai. And the article was published in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2019. Formula: C6H11BrO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Nine protic carboxyl imidazolium ionic liquids were synthesized. Then, they were employed to catalyze the chem. fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and propylene oxide leading to propylene carbonate in the absence of co-catalyst and organic solvent. HCPImBr presents the best catalytic activity with the product yield of 92% under reaction temperature 120°C, CO2 initial pressure 1.5 MPa, catalyst amount 0.5 mol%, and reaction time 2.0 h. Even if the reaction temperature and CO2 initial pressure are decreased to 80°C and 1.0 MPa, resp., the 85% of product yield would be kept with the 1.0% catalyst dosage along with 12.0 h. With the exception of the most optimal reaction conditions, generality, and recyclability of HCPImBr are also investigated. More importantly, the reaction mechanism is investigated by the d. functional theory, which is the first time to report the mechanism for protic carboxyl imidazolium ionic liquids The catalytic activity of ionic liquids would be further improved with the reasonable combination of cation and anion. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Formula: C6H11BrO2)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.Formula: C6H11BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Synthesis and characterization of analogues of glycine-betaine ionic liquids and their use in the formation of aqueous biphasic systems》 were Pereira, Matheus M.; Pedro, Sonia N.; Gomes, Joana; Sintra, Tania E.; Ventura, Sonia P. M.; Coutinho, Joao A. P.; Freire, Mara G.; Mohamadou, Aminou. And the article was published in Fluid Phase Equilibria in 2019. Product Details of 2969-81-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:

A series of novel analogs of glycine-betaine ionic liquids (AGB-ILs), viz. 1-(4-ethoxy-4-oxobutyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium, N,N,N-tri(n-butyl)(4-ethoxy-4-oxobutyl)-1-phosphonium and N,N,N-trialkyl(4-ethoxy-4-oxobutyl)-1-aminium cations with Et, Pr and Bu alkyl chains, combined with the bromide anion, have been synthesized and characterized. Their synthesis and characterization by spectroscopic methods and elemental anal. is here reported. These ILs were further characterized in what concerns their thermal properties and ecotoxicity against Allvibrio fischeri, and compared with the com. tetra(n-butyl)ammonium and tetra(n-butyl)phosphonium bromide. The novel AGB-ILs described in this work have low m.ps., below 100°C, display high degradation temperatures (180-310°C), and low toxicity as shown by being harmless or practically harmless towards the marine bacteria Allvibrio fischeri. Finally, the ability of the synthesized AGB-ILs to form aqueous biphasic systems with potassium citrate/citric acid (at pH 7) was evaluated, and the resp. ternary phase diagrams were determined It is shown that the increase of the cation alkyl chain length facilitates the creation of ABS, and that phosphonium-based ILs present a slightly better separation performance in presence of aqueous solutions of the citrate-based salt. In the experiment, the researchers used Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Product Details of 2969-81-5)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.Product Details of 2969-81-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Safety of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrateIn 2019 ,《Tetraphenylporphyrin-based dual-functional medical agent for magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging》 was published in Applied Organometallic Chemistry. The article was written by Jin, Manyu; Zhang, Yanqun; Gao, Ge; Xi, Qiaoyue; Tong, Jie; Zhao, Yongxia; Wu, Cunqi; Zhou, Hua; Yang, Qiuxia; Yang, Wei; Xu, Jingwei. The article contains the following contents:

A bimodal magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, TPP-M-Gd, was developed by modifying tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) with a small dendritic mol. as a ligand (M) to chelate gadolinium (Gd) ions. The ligand featured four carboxylate groups, which contributed to good water solubility and a strong combination with metal ions. The longitudinal relaxivity (R1) of the resulting agent is 12.45 mM-1s-1, which is much higher than that of DTPA-Gd (4.49 mM-1s-1). The magnetic resonance imaging experiments showed that the newly synthesized contrast agent could enhance T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging quality both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TPP-M-Gd exhibited good fluorescent property as shown in cell imaging experiments The cytotoxicity of TPP-M-Gd was even better than that of clin. approved DTPA-Gd, which makes it a promising dual-functional medical imaging agent to provide more detailed information about biol. and disease-related events. In the experiment, the researchers used Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Safety of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Safety of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Stereochemistry-Controlled Supramolecular Architectures of New Tetrahydroxy-Functionalized Amphiphilic Carbocyanine Dyes》 was published in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020. These research results belong to Schade, Boris; Singh, Abhishek Kumar; Wycisk, Virginia; Cuellar-Camacho, Jose Luis; von Berlepsch, Hans; Haag, Rainer; Boettcher, Christoph. Computed Properties of C6H11BrO2 The article mentions the following:

The syntheses of novel amphiphilic 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachlorobenzimidacarbocyanine (TBC) dye derivatives with aminopropanediol head groups, which only differ in stereochem. (chiral enantiomers, meso form and conformer), are reported. For the achiral meso form, a new synthetic route towards asym. cyanine dyes was established. All compounds form J aggregates in water, the optical properties of which were characterized by means of spectroscopic methods. The supramol. structure of the aggregates is investigated by means of cryo-transmission electron microscopy, cryo-electron tomog. and AFM, revealing extended sheet-like aggregates for chiral enantiomers and nanotubes for the mesomer, resp., whereas the conformer forms predominately needle-like crystals. The experiments demonstrate that the aggregation behavior of compounds can be controlled solely by head group stereochem., which in the case of enantiomers enables the formation of extended hydrogen-bond chains by the hydroxyl functionalities. In case of the achiral meso form, however, such chains turned out to be sterically excluded. In the experiment, the researchers used Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Computed Properties of C6H11BrO2)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents.Computed Properties of C6H11BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2022,Guan, Xianghong; Cheryala, Narsihmulu; Karim, Rezaul Md.; Chan, Alice; Berndt, Norbert; Qi, Jun; Georg, Gunda I.; Schonbrunn, Ernst published an article in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. The title of the article was 《Bivalent BET Bromodomain Inhibitors Confer Increased Potency and Selectivity for BRDT via Protein Conformational Plasticity》.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate The author mentioned the following in the article:

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are important regulators of gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. BET family members BRD4 and BRDT are validated targets for cancer and male contraceptive drug development, resp. Due to the high structural similarity of the acetyl-lysine binding sites, most reported inhibitors lack intra-BET selectivity. We surmised that protein-protein interactions induced by bivalent inhibitors may differ between BRD4 and BRDT, conferring an altered selectivity profile. Starting from nonselective monovalent inhibitors, we developed cell-active bivalent BET inhibitors with increased activity and selectivity for BRDT. X-ray crystallog. and solution studies revealed unique structural states of BRDT and BRD4 upon interaction with bivalent inhibitors. Varying spacer lengths and sym. vs unsym. connections resulted in the same dimeric states, whereas different chemotypes induced different dimers. The findings indicate that the increased intra-BET selectivity of bivalent inhibitors is due to the differential plasticity of BET bromodomains upon inhibitor-induced dimerization. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Quality Control of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrateIn 2019 ,《A Scalable Total Synthesis of Halofuginone》 was published in Organic Process Research & Development. The article was written by Xu, Hua; Yin, Wenhao; Liang, Haoqiang; Nan, Yanbo; Qiu, Fayang; Jin, Yehua. The article contains the following contents:

A scalable total synthesis of halofuginone (I) has been accomplished. This synthetic route features a total of 12 steps of highly efficient reactions, without any chromatog. purification Halofuginone was obtained in 17% overall yield and over 98.5% HPLC purity. All the reaction conditions are mild and reliable. In addition, no hazardous materials are used or produced. All reagents are com. available and inexpensive. This route is safe, robust, scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally benign.Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Quality Control of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate) was used in this study.

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Quality Control of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Wojcik-Pszczola, Katarzyna; Jankowska, Agnieszka; Slusarczyk, Marietta; Jakiela, Bogdan; Plutecka, Hanna; Pociecha, Krzysztof; Swierczek, Artur; Popiol, Justyna; Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk, Paulina; Wyska, Elzbieta; Pekala, Elzbieta; Gosens, Reinoud; Chlon-Rzepa, Grazyna published their research in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2021. The article was titled 《Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects of new 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione-based phosphodiesterase inhibitors as promising anti-asthmatic agents》.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate The article contains the following contents:

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are currently an extensively studied group of compounds that can bring many benefits in the treatment of various inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, including asthma. Herein, we describe a series of novel N′-phenyl- or N′-benzylbutanamide and N′-arylidenebutanehydrazide derivatives of 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione (27-43) and characterized them as prominent pan-PDE inhibitors. Most of the compounds exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced murine macrophages RAW264.7. The most active compounds (32-35 and 38) were evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells derived from asthmatics. To better map the bronchial microenvironment in asthma, HBECs after exposure to selected 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione derivatives were incubated in the presence of two proinflammatory and/or profibrotic factors: TGF-beta and IL-13. Detailed anal. of their inhibition preferences for selected PDEs showed high affinity for isoenzymes important in the pathogenesis of asthma, including PDE1, PDE3, PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8. The presented data confirm that structural modifications within the 7 and 8 positions of the purine-2,6-dione core result in obtaining preferable pan-PDE inhibitors which in turn exert an excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect in the bronchial epithelial cells derived from asthmatic patients. This dual-acting pan-PDE inhibitors constitute interesting and promising lead structures for further anti-asthmatic agent discovery. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Product Details of 2969-81-5In 2020 ,《In situ NMR metrology reveals reaction mechanisms in redox flow batteries》 appeared in Nature (London, United Kingdom). The author of the article were Zhao, Evan Wenbo; Liu, Tao; Jonsson, Erlendur; Lee, Jeongjae; Temprano, Israel; Jethwa, Rajesh B.; Wang, Anqi; Smith, Holly; Carretero-Gonzalez, Javier; Song, Qilei; Grey, Clare P.. The article conveys some information:

Large-scale energy storage is becoming increasingly critical to balancing renewable energy production and consumption. Organic redox flow batteries, made from inexpensive and sustainable redox-active materials, are promising storage technologies that are cheaper and less environmentally hazardous than vanadium-based batteries, but they have shorter lifetimes and lower energy d. Thus, fundamental insight at the mol. level is required to improve performance. Here we report two in situ NMR methods of studying redox flow batteries, which are applied to two redox-active electrolytes: 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ) and 4,4′-((9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-diyl)dioxy) dibutyrate (DBEAQ). In the first method, we monitor the changes in the 1H NMR shift of the liquid electrolyte as it flows out of the electrochem. cell. In the second method, we observe the changes that occur simultaneously in the pos. and neg. electrodes in the full electrochem. cell. Using the bulk magnetization changes (observed via the 1H NMR shift of the water resonance) and the line broadening of the 1H shifts of the quinone resonances as a function of the state of charge, we measure the potential differences of the two single-electron couples, identify and quantify the rate of electron transfer between the reduced and oxidized species, and determine the extent of electron delocalization of the unpaired spins over the radical anions. These NMR techniques enable electrolyte decomposition and battery self-discharge to be explored in real time, and show that DHAQ is decomposed electrochem. via a reaction that can be minimized by limiting the voltage used on charging. We foresee applications of these NMR methods in understanding a wide range of redox processes in flow and other electrochem. systems. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Product Details of 2969-81-5)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Product Details of 2969-81-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2019,Angewandte Chemie, International Edition included an article by Yi, Hong; Mao, Wenbin; Oestreich, Martin. Recommanded Product: 2969-81-5. The article was titled 《Enantioselective Construction of α-Chiral Silanes by Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) Cross-Coupling》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

An enantioselective C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling of racemic α-silylated alkyl iodides and alkylzinc reagents is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by NiCl2/(S,S)-Bn-Pybox and yields α-chiral silanes with high enantiocontrol. The catalyst system does not promote the cross-coupling of the corresponding carbon analog, corroborating the stabilizing effect of the silyl group on the alkyl radical intermediate (α-silicon effect). Both coupling partners can be, but do not need to be, functionalized, and hence, even α-chiral silanes with no functional group in direct proximity of the asym. substituted carbon atom become accessible. This distinguishes the new method from established approaches for the synthesis of α-chiral silanes. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Recommanded Product: 2969-81-5)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents.Recommanded Product: 2969-81-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary