Photoswitchable Diazocine-Based Estrogen Receptor Agonists: Stabilization of the Active Form inside the Receptor was written by Ewert, Julia;Heintze, Linda;Jorda-Redondo, Mireia;von Glasenapp, Jan-Simon;Nonell, Santi;Bucher, Goetz;Peifer, Christian;Herges, Rainer. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:
Photopharmacol. is an emerging approach in drug design and pharmacol. therapy. Light is used to switch a pharmacophore between a biol. inactive and an active isomer with high spatiotemporal resolution at the site of illness, thus potentially avoiding side effects in neighboring healthy tissue. The most frequently used strategy to design a photoswitchable drug is to replace a suitable functional group in a known bioactive mol. with azobenzene. Our strategy is different in that the photoswitch moiety is closer to the drug′s scaffold. Docking studies reveal a very high structural similarity of natural 17β-estradiol and the E isomers of dihydroxy diazocines, but not their Z isomers, resp. Seven dihydroxy diazocines were synthesized and subjected to a biol. estrogen reporter gene assay. Four derivatives exhibit distinct estrogenic activity after irradiation with violet light, which can be shut off with green light. Most remarkably, the photogenerated, active E form of one of the active compounds isomerizes back to the inactive Z form with a half-life of merely several milliseconds in water, but nevertheless is active for more than 3 h in the presence of the estrogen receptor. The results suggest a significant local impact of the ligand-receptor complex toward back-isomerization. Thus, drugs that are active when bound but lose their activity immediately after leaving the receptor could be of great pharmacol. value because they strongly increase target specificity. Moreover, the drugs are released into the environment in their inactive form. The latter argument is particularly important for drugs that act as endocrine disruptors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5HPLC of Formula: 128-08-5).
1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.HPLC of Formula: 128-08-5
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary