Month: January 2023

A convergent total synthesis of a new antiepileptic ceramide and its triacetyl derivative using olefin cross metathesis was written by Ghosal, Partha;Kumar, Vikas;Shaw, Arun K.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2010.Safety of Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide This article mentions the following:

A convergent total synthesis of a new antiepileptic ceramide I and its triacetyl derivative was completed by using two important C-C bond forming reactions, Wittig methylenation and olefin cross metathesis as the key steps. The easily available 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-galactal was used as a chiral pool for the synthesis of highly functionalized amide and the com. available 1,12-dodecanediol for the long chain olefin counterpart. The long hydrocarbon chain of the new ceramide was installed by using olefin cross metathesis between amide and long chain terminal olefin followed by hydrogenation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (cas: 28322-40-9Safety of Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide).

Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (cas: 28322-40-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Safety of Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Design, Synthesis, and biological evaluation of 8-mercapto-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones as potent inhibitors of SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT5 was written by Han, Haozhen;Li, Chunpu;Li, Man;Yang, Lisheng;Zhao, Sen;Wang, Zhifei;Liu, Hong;Liu, Dongxiang. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Computed Properties of C9H11BrO This article mentions the following:

Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases. They regulate many physiol. processes and play important roles in inflammation, diabetes, cancers, and neurodegeneration diseases. Sirtuin inhibitors have potential applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and various cancers. Herein, we identified new sirtuin inhibitors based on the scaffold of 8-mercapto-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione. To elucidate the inhibitory mechanism, the binding modes of the inhibitors in SIRT3 were established by mol. docking, showing that the inhibitors occupy the acetyl lysine binding site and interact with SIRT3, mainly through hydrophobic interactions. The interactions were validated by site-directed mutagenesis of SIRT3 and structure-activity relationship anal. of the inhibitors. Consistently, enzyme kinetic assays and microscale thermophoresis showed that these compounds are competitive inhibitors to the acetyl substrate, and mix-type inhibitors to NAD⁺. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the compounds are potent SIRT1/2/3/5 pan-inhibitors. This study provides novel hits for developing more potent sirtuin inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0Computed Properties of C9H11BrO).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Computed Properties of C9H11BrO

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Copper is an endogenous modulator of neural circuit spontaneous activity was written by Dodani, Sheel C.;Firl, Alana;Chan, Jefferson;Nam, Christine I.;Aron, Allegra T.;Onak, Carl S.;Ramos-Torres, Karla M.;Paek, Jaeho;Webster, Corey M.;Feller, Marla B.;Chang, Christopher J.. And the article was included in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2014.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate This article mentions the following:

For reasons that remain insufficiently understood, the brain requires among the highest levels of metals in the body for normal function. The traditional paradigm for this organ and others is that fluxes of alkali and alk. earth metals are required for signaling, but transition metals are maintained in static, tightly bound reservoirs for metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. Here we show that copper is an endogenous modulator of spontaneous activity, a property of functional neural circuitry. Using Copper Fluor-3 (CF3), a new fluorescent Cu+ sensor for one- and two-photon imaging, we show that neurons and neural tissue maintain basal stores of loosely bound copper that can be attenuated by chelation, which define a labile copper pool. Targeted disruption of these labile copper stores by acute chelation or genetic knockdown of the CTR1 (copper transporter 1) copper channel alters the spatiotemporal properties of spontaneous activity in developing hippocampal and retinal circuits. The data identify an essential role for copper neuronal function and suggest broader contributions of this transition metal to cell signaling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 107317-58-8Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate).

Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 107317-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions of Aryl Bromides at Atmospheric Pressure: A General System Based on Xantphos was written by Martinelli, Joseph R.;Watson, Donald A.;Freckmann, Dominique M. M.;Barder, Timothy E.;Buchwald, Stephen L.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2008.Quality Control of Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate This article mentions the following:

A method for the Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl bromides has been developed using Xantphos as the ligand. This method is effective for the direct synthesis of Weinreb amides, 1° and 2° benzamides, and Me esters from the corresponding aryl bromides at atm. pressure. In addition, a putative catalytic intermediate, (Xantphos)Pd(Br)benzoyl, was prepared and an X-ray crystal structure was obtained revealing an unusual cis-coordination mode of Xantphos in this palladium-acyl complex. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9Quality Control of Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate).

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Quality Control of Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

New ianthelliformisamine derivatives as antibiotic enhancers against resistant gram-negative bacteria was written by Pieri, Cyril;Borselli, Diane;Di Giorgio, Carole;De Meo, Michel;Bolla, Jean-Michel;Vidal, Nicolas;Combes, Sebastien;Brunel, Jean Michel. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A series consisting of ianthelliformisamimes A, B, and C as well as its synthetic analogs was prepared in high chem. yield, from 27 to 91%, using peptide coupling as the key step, and the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibiotic enhancer properties against resistant Gram-neg. bacteria and clin. isolates. The mechanism of action of one of these derivatives against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when combined with doxycycline was precisely evaluated utilizing bioluminescence to measure ATP efflux and fluorescence to evaluate membrane depolarization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Mechanochemical synthesis of magnesium-based carbon nucleophiles in air and their use in organic synthesis was written by Takahashi, Rina;Hu, Anqi;Gao, Pan;Gao, Yunpeng;Pang, Yadong;Seo, Tamae;Jiang, Julong;Maeda, Satoshi;Takaya, Hikaru;Kubota, Koji;Ito, Hajime. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl This article mentions the following:

Since the discovery of Grignard reagents in 1900, the nucleophilic addition of magnesium-based carbon nucleophiles to various electrophiles has become one of the most powerful, versatile, and well-established methods for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds in organic synthesis. Grignard reagents are typically prepared via reactions between organic halides and magnesium metal in a solvent. However, this method usually requires the use of dry organic solvents, long reaction times, strict control of the reaction temperature, and inert-gas-line techniques. Despite the utility of Grignard reagents, these requirements still represent major drawbacks from both an environmental and an economic perspective, and often cause reproducibility problems. Herein, the general mechanochem. synthesis of magnesium-based carbon nucleophiles (Grignard reagents in paste form) in air using a ball milling technique is reported. These nucleophiles can be used directly for one-pot nucleophilic addition reactions with various electrophiles and nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions under solvent-free conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl (cas: 162258-89-1Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl).

4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl (cas: 162258-89-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Cascade Cyclization for the Synthesis of Isoindolo[2,1-a]quinoxalines was written by Li, Ling;Liu, Zhen-Ting;Hu, Xiang-Ping. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A copper-catalyzed one-pot cascade cyclization of 2-(1-(acetyloxy)propargyl)benzaldehydes with o-phenylenediamines for an access to substituted isoindolo[2,1-a]quinoxalines has been developed. The reaction features readily available starting materials, simple operational procedure, and broad substrate scopes. Under optimal conditions, various isoindolo[2,1-a]quinoxalines were afforded in 41-88% yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde).

2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Simultaneous complementary photoswitching of hemithioindigo tweezers for dynamic guest relocalization was written by Wiedbrauk, Sandra;Bartelmann, Thomas;Thumser, Stefan;Mayer, Peter;Dube, Henry. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2018.Recommanded Product: 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene This article mentions the following:

Remote control of complex mol. behavior and function is one key problem in modern chem. Using light signaling for this purpose has many advantages, however the integration of different photo processes into a wholesome yet complex system is highly challenging. Here we report an alternative approach to increase complexity of light control-simultaneous complementary photoswitching-in which spectral overlap is used as an advantage to drastically reduce the signaling needed for controlling multipart supramol. assemblies. Two photoswitchable mol. tweezers respond to the same light signals with opposite changes in their binding affinities. In this way the configuration of two host tweezers and ultimately the dynamic relocation of a guest mol. can be trigged by only one signal reversibly in the same solution This approach should provide a powerful tool for the construction of sophisticated, integrated, and multi-responsive smart mol. systems in any application driven field of chem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2Recommanded Product: 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene).

2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Recommanded Product: 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of 5,5′-dibromo-6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bisoxythionaphthene was written by Griffith, R. H.;Hope, Edward. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions in 1925.HPLC of Formula: 169045-04-9 This article mentions the following:

5-Bromo-2-acetylamino-p-tolyl Me ether (I), m. 191°; hydrolysis with concentrated HCl gives the amine, m. 100° (Bz derivative, m. 159°); the azo dye with β-C₁₀H₇OH, red needles with green luster, m. 210°. Diazotized and reduced with SnCl₄, the amine gives a hydrazine, pale brown, m. 192°, which, on treatment with CuSO₄ and oxidation with alk. KMnO₄, yields 3-bromoanisic acid, m. 217-8°. Since the 2-Br derivative is recorded as m. 212°, it was synthesized from 2-bromo-p-tolyl Me ether, b₁₆ 114° b₇₆₀ 222°, and found to m. 199°. Oxidation of I with KMnO₄ in the presence of MgSO₄ gives about 70% of 5-bromo-2-acetylamino-4-methoxybenzoic acid, m. 253°; hydrolysis with concentrated HCl gives 4-bromo-m-anisidine, m. 90.5° (Bz derivative m. 124°); hydrolysis with alkali gives 5-bromo-2-amino-4-methoxy-benzoic acid, pale brown, m. 201°, decomposed 213° (Na salt, long needles; Cu salt, green). Diazotized, treated with Na₂S₂ and boiled with Zn dust in Na₂CO₃ solution, it yields 5-bromo-4-methoxy-2-thiolbenzoic acid, which, because of its ease of oxidation, is used as the Na salt in the condensation with ClCH₂CO₂H, forming 4-bromo-2-carboxy-5-methoxy-phenylthiolacetic acid (II), pale brown, m. 243° (decomposition). Heated with AcONa and Ac₂O, dissolved in 3% alkali and treated with K₃Fe(CN)₆, it gives 5,5′-dibromo-6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bisoxythionaphthene (III), dark red, m. 355-60°; the dye is reprecipitated from its deep blue solution in concentrated H₂SO₄ in a gelatinous state very suitable for the preparation of the vat, which is pale yellow and dyes cloth a good scarlet. The PhNO₂ solution shows an absorption band with a maximum at λ = 529; “Helindone Fast Scarlet R” shows a similar band with a maximum at λ = 520. II and isatin give the compound C₁₇H₁₀O₃N-BrS (IV), which has a much bluer shade than III; its H₂SO₄ solution is purple but its dyeing properties are unsatisfactory, probably on account of further reaction during reduction. II and acenaphthenequinone give an orange powder (V), m. 337°, giving dark brown solutions in concentrated H₂SO₄ and dyeing cloth a good orange from a bright blue bath. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5-bromo-4-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 169045-04-9HPLC of Formula: 169045-04-9).

2-Amino-5-bromo-4-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 169045-04-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. HPLC of Formula: 169045-04-9

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Nitrogen-Containing Perylene Diimides: Molecular Design, Robust Aggregated Structures, and Advances in n-Type Organic Semiconductors was written by Kumagai, Shohei;Ishii, Hiroyuki;Watanabe, Go;Yu, Craig P.;Watanabe, Shun;Takeya, Jun;Okamoto, Toshihiro. And the article was included in Accounts of Chemical Research in 2022.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Conspectus: Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have attracted much attention because of their potential applications for flexible and printed electronic devices and thus have been extensively investigated in a variety of research fields, such as organic chem., solid-state physics, and device physics and engineering. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), a class of OSC-based devices, have been expected to be an alternative of silicon-based metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), which is the indispensable element for most of the current electronic devices. However, the noncovalently aggregated, van der Waals solid nature of the OSCs, by contrast to covalently bound silicon, conventionally exhibits lower carrier mobilities, limiting the practical applications of OTFTs. In particular, electron-transporting (i.e., n-type) OSCs lag behind their hole-transporting (p-type) counterparts in carrier mobility and ambient stability as OTFTs. This is primarily because of the difficulty in achieving compatibility between the aggregated structure exhibiting excellent carrier mobility and that with enough electron affinity. Recent understandings of carrier transport in OSCs explain that large and two-dimensionally isotropic transfer integrals coupled with small fluctuations are crucial for high carrier mobilities. In addition, from a practical point of view, the compatibility with practical device processes is highly required. Rational mol. design principles, therefore, are still demanded for developing OSCs and OTFTs toward high-end device applications. Herein, we will show our recent progress in the development of n-type OSCs with the key π-electron core (π-core) of benzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8-gh]quinolinetetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) on the basis of single-crystal OTFT technologies and the band-transport model enabled by two-dimensional mol. packing arrangements. The critical point is the introduction of electroneg. nitrogen atoms into the π-core: the nitrogen atoms in BQQDI not only deepen the MO energies but also allow hydrogen-bonding-like attractive intermol. interactions to control the aggregated structures, unlike the conventional role of the nitrogen introduced into OSCs only for the former role. Hence, the BQQDI analogs exhibit air-stable OTFT behavior and two-dimensional brickwork packing structures. Specifically, phenethyl-substituted analog (PhC₂-BQQDI) has been shown as the first principal BQQDI-based material, demonstrating solution-processable thin-film single crystals, fewer anisotropic transfer integrals, and an effective suppression of mol. motions, leading to band-like electron-transport properties and stress-durable n-channel OTFT performances, in conjunction with the support of computational calculations Insights into more fundamental points of view have been found by side-chain derivatization and OTFT studies on polycrystalline and single-crystal films. We hope that this Account provides readers with new strategies for designing high-performance OSCs by two-dimensional control of the aggregated structures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Category: bromides-buliding-blocks).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary