Month: January 2023

New naphthopyran analogues of LY290181 as potential tumor vascular-disrupting agents was written by Schmitt, Florian;Gold, Madeleine;Rothemund, Matthias;Andronache, Ion;Biersack, Bernhard;Schobert, Rainer;Mueller, Thomas. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.Recommanded Product: 108940-96-1 This article mentions the following:

Aminonaphthopyrancarbonitriles I [R = 3-O₂NC₆H₄, 3,5-F₂C₆H₃, 3-NCC₆H₄, 3,5-Cl₂-4-MeOC₆H₂, 3,5-Br₂-4-MeOC₆H₂, 3,5-I₂-4-MeOC₆H₂, 4-NCC₆H₄, 3-F₅SC₆H₄, 4-F₅SC₆H₄, 4-MeSC₆H₄, 4-(PhCH₂O)-3-MeOC₆H₃, 4-Cl-3-FC₆H₃, 3-BrC₆H₄, 2-ClC₆H₄] were prepared as analogs of the antiproliferative naphthopyran LY290181 for potential use as antitumor agents. I were prepared by cyclocondensation of malonitrile, 1-naphthol or 4-chloro-1-naphthol, and aryl aldehydes RCHO [R = 3-O₂NC₆H₄, 3,5-F₂C₆H₃, 3-NCC₆H₄, 3,5-Cl₂-4-MeOC₆H₂, 3,5-Br₂-4-MeOC₆H₂, 3,5-I₂-4-MeOC₆H₂, 4-NCC₆H₄, 3-F₅SC₆H₄, 4-F₅SC₆H₄, 4-MeSC₆H₄, 4-(PhCH₂O)-3-MeOC₆H₃, 4-Cl-3-FC₆H₃, 3-BrC₆H₄, 2-ClC₆H₄]. The antitumor activities of I were determined in human cancer cells; the antiangiogenic, tubulin polymerization-inhibiting, and apoptosis-inducing activities of selected I were determined The highest antitumor activities were found for I substituted with aryl groups possessing small meta substituents. I led to G2/M arrest due to interruption of the microtubule dynamics and induced apoptosis. I also disrupted the vasculature of chorioallantoic membranes in fertilized chicken eggs and in xenograft tumors in mice. I (R = H; R¹ = 3,5-F₂C₆H₃) inhibited the growth of resistant xenograft tumors in mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1Recommanded Product: 108940-96-1).

3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Recommanded Product: 108940-96-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Some derivatives of phenylhydroxyquinolines was written by de Diesbach, Henri;Gross, Jean;Tschannen, Walter. And the article was included in Helvetica Chimica Acta in 1951.COA of Formula: C10H11BrO2 This article mentions the following:

Alk. degradation of Höchst Yellow R gives a lactone (I), m. 248° (C.A. 28, 2355.1), which was ascribed the formula of 3-hydroxy-2-phenylquinoline-2′-carboxylic acid lactone (II). Heating o-BrCH₂COC₆H₄CO₂H, o-NH₂C₆H₄CHO (III), and NaOH 2 h. at 40° gives a low yield of II, m. 226-7°, so that I does not have the structure II. Na homophthalate and III give 2-hydroxy-3-phenylquinoline-2′-carboxylic acid lactone (IV), m. 236-7° (free acid, m. 282°), so that I is not IV. The following unsuccessful attempts were made to prepare 4-hydroxy-3-phenylquinoline-2′-carboxylic acid lactone (V). o-MeC₆H₄CH₂CO₂Et, b₁₈ 125-8°, with HCO₂Et and Na gives an ester, b₆ 128-30°, m. 25°, which with PhNH₂ gives 3-(o-toluyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline, m. 251°. The Me group cannot be oxidized. o-BrC₆H₄CH₂CO₂Et, b₂₀ 145-8°, with Na and HCO₂Et gives Et (o-bromophenyl)(hydroxymethylene)acetate, b_1-2 120°, which with PhNH₂ gives BrC₆H₃.C(CO₂Et):CHNHPh, m. 147°. At high temperature this loses HBr to give a 1-phenylindole derivative o-NH₂C₆H₄CO₂H and PhCH₂COCl in Et₂O give o-PhCH₂CONHC₆H₄CO₂H (VI), m. 188°, which, fused with KOH-NaOH at 180-200° gives 3-phenyl-2,4-dihydroxyquinoline (VII), m. 318°. VII is also obtained by internal condensation of the Et ester of VI, m. 62°, in the presence of Na. Et o-(nitrophenylacetyl)anthranilate, m. 118° (free acid, m. 220°), condenses in the presence of NaOEt to form 3-(o-nitrophenyl)-2,4-dihydroxyquinoline (VIII), m. 274-5°, which reduces to an amine (IX), m. 355° (tri-Ac derivative, m. 237-8°). The high m.p. of IX shows that cyclization to a mixture of 2 indolohydroxyquinolines has occurred. Attempts to diazotize IX give an unstable compound which on heating with dilute H₂SO₄ gives a substance m. 284-5°, probably a nitro derivative of these cyclic compounds Proof that IX is a mixture is obtained by treating it with POCl₃ and PCl₅. The resulting mixture of bases m. above 255°. Reduction with Raney Ni removes Cl from the compound in which it occupies position 2, but not from position 4. Crystallization of the mixture gives 2 compounds, one containing Cl, the other Cl-free. VIII and SOCl₂ give 1-chloro-3-(o-nitrophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolone, m. 224-6°, which easily loses Cl with dilute NaOH at 70°. VIII, PCl₅, and POCl₃ give some 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-3-(o-nitrophenyl)quinoline, m. 215-18°, but the course of the reaction cannot be controlled. VIII, PCl₃, and PCl₅ heated in a sealed tube 3 h. at 200° give 2,4-dichloro-3-(o-nitrophenyl)quinoline (X), m. 141-2°. Reduction of X with SnCl₂ and HCl gives 2′,3′-indolo-2,3-quinoline(quinindoline), m. 338-9° (picrate, m. 321-2°; Ac derivative, m. 183-4°). Reduction over Raney Ni in neutral solution gives 2,4-dichloro-3-(o-aminophenyl)quinoline (Ac derivative, m. 234-5°), loses HCl at 160°, cyclizes at about 316° to an indoloquinoline whose picrate m. 279-80°. When this reduction occurs in alk. solution, the product is 4-chloro-3-(o-aminophenyl)quinoline (XI), m. 252-3° (Ac derivative, m. 228-9°). The diazo derivative of XI is so unstable that it forms 4-chloro-3-(o-hydroxyphenyl)quinoline, m. 209-10°, immediately in solution, and other compounds cannot be formed by this reaction. Thus, V cannot be prepared to prove the structure of I. IV gives a hydrazide, m. 240-2°, which with NaNO₂ in AcOH gives a lactam, m. 257°. Under the same conditions, I gives a hydrazide, m. 264-7°, and a lactam, m. 384°. This similar behavior indicates that I and IV have similar structures, so that I must have the structure V. When I reacts with N₂H₄ in EtOH, a largely noncyclized compound, m. 243-53°, is formed. NaNO₂ converts this partly to I and partly to a different lactam. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7COA of Formula: C10H11BrO2).

Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.COA of Formula: C10H11BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Manufacturing Process Development for Belzutifan, Part 1: A Concise Synthesis of the Indanone Starting Material was written by Peng, Feng;Tan, Lushi;Chen, Lu;Dalby, Stephen M.;DiRocco, Daniel A.;Duan, Jianjun;Feng, Minyi;Gong, Guan;Guo, Haiheng;Hethcox, J. Caleb;Jin, Lu;Johnson, Heather C.;Kim, Jungchul;Le, Diane;Lin, Yipeng;Liu, Wenjun;Shen, Jun;Wan, Yimei;Xiao, Chengqian;Xiang, Bangping;Xiang, Qun;Xu, Jing;Yan, Luliang;Yang, Weiyi;Ye, Honglin;Yu, Yanpei;Zhang, Jun. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2022.Electric Literature of C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

A four-step synthesis of the indanone core of belzutifan (MK-6482) is described. This route starts from the commodity raw material dihydrocoumarin and was successfully demonstrated on a large scale to produce indanone 11 in the synthesis of belzutifan, an FDA-approved first-in-class therapy for the treatment of patients with certain types of Von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated tumors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Electric Literature of C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Electric Literature of C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Repurposing the Antihistamine Terfenadine for Antimicrobial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus was written by Perlmutter, Jessamyn I.;Forbes, Lauren T.;Krysan, Damian J.;Ebsworth-Mojica, Katherine;Colquhoun, Jennifer M.;Wang, Jenna L.;Dunman, Paul M.;Flaherty, Daniel P.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 14425-64-0 This article mentions the following:

Staphylococcus aureus is a rapidly growing health threat in the U.S., with resistance to several commonly prescribed treatments. A high-throughput screen identified the antihistamine terfenadine to possess, previously unreported, antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and other Gram-pos. bacteria. In an effort to repurpose this drug, structure-activity relationship studies yielded 84 terfenadine-based analogs with several modifications providing increased activity vs. S. aureus and other bacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mechanism of action studies revealed these compounds to exert their antibacterial effects, at least in part, through inhibition of the bacterial type II topoisomerases. This scaffold suffers from hERG liabilities which were not remedied through this round of optimization; however, given the overall improvement in activity of the set, terfenadine-based analogs provide a novel structural class of antimicrobial compounds with potential for further characterization as part of the continuing process to meet the current need for new antibiotics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0HPLC of Formula: 14425-64-0).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.HPLC of Formula: 14425-64-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Construction of Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters Bearing Three Heteroatoms via Intramolecular Cyclization of Vinylidene ortho-Quinone Methide with Imidates was written by Tian, Yuhong;Wu, Fengdi;Jia, Shiqi;Gong, Xiangnan;Mao, Hui;Wang, Pengfei;Qin, Wenling;Yan, Hailong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Reference of 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:

Herein, an organocatalytic asym. protocol for the construction of naphtho[1′,2′:5,6][1,3]oxazino[3,4-a]indoles I (R¹ = H, F, Cl, Br, CF₃, R² = H; R¹ = H, R² = Cl, MeO; R³ = H, MeO, Et, Br, 4-i-PrC₆H₄, R⁴ = H; R³ = H, R⁴ = Br; R⁵ = Me, Et; R⁶ = Me, i-Pr, n-Pr, Ph) containing tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters is reported. The reaction proceeds via the enantioselective intramol. cyclization reaction of vinylidene ortho-quinone methides with imidates to form pentacyclic heterocycles. The formed tetrasubstituted carbon center is stable at a high temperature and under the conditions for further transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Reference of 128-08-5).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Reference of 128-08-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Alkyl ether and enol analogs of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, a pheromone component of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum: probing a proposed bioactive conformation for chain-elongated analogs was written by Gustavsson, Anna-Lena;Liljefors, Tommy;Hansson, Bill S.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Ecology in 1995.Reference of 4457-67-4 This article mentions the following:

To test a previous conclusion that chain-elongated analogs of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, a pheromone component of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, adopt a loop conformation of the terminal alkyl chain in the bioactive conformation, a series of alkyl ether and enol ether analogs of 1 and (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate have been synthesized and tested using single-cell electrophysiol. In these analogs a methylene group in positions 7 and 9 of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate and in positions 7 and 11 in (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate have been replaced by an oxygen atom to energetically facilitate the formation of a loop conformation in the chain-elongated analogs. The electrophysiol. results in conformation with mol. mechanisms (MM2 and MM3) calculated conformational energies show that the activity decreases of the chain-elongated ether analogs are significantly smaller than that for (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate and that these activity decreases parallel the conformational energies for a loop formation of the terminal chains in the analogs. The results support the previous conclusion that the terminal chain of chain-elongated analogs of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate adopts a loop conformation in their bioactive conformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4Reference of 4457-67-4).

1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Reference of 4457-67-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Visible-Light Photoredox Decarboxylation of Perfluoroarene Iodine(III) Trifluoroacetates for C-H Trifluoromethylation of (Hetero)arenes was written by Yang, Bin;Yu, Donghai;Xu, Xiu-Hua;Qing, Feng-Ling. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2018.Application of 107317-58-8 This article mentions the following:

A scalable and operationally simple decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes with easily accessible C₆F₅I(OCOCF₃)₂ under photoredox catalysis has been developed. This method is tolerant of various (hetero)arenes and functional groups. Notably, C₆F₅I is recycled from the decarboxylation reaction and further used for the preparation of C₆F₅I(OCOCF₃)₂. The combination of photoredox catalysis and hypervalent iodine reagent provides a practical approach for the application of trifluoroacetic acid in trifluoromethylation reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 107317-58-8Application of 107317-58-8).

Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 107317-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Application of 107317-58-8

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Endoperoxide-8-aminoquinoline hybrids as dual-stage antimalarial agents with enhanced metabolic stability was written by Capela, Rita;Magalhaes, Joana;Miranda, Daniela;Machado, Marta;Sanches-Vaz, Margarida;Albuquerque, Ines S.;Sharma, Moni;Gut, Jiri;Rosenthal, Philip J.;Frade, Raquel;Perry, Maria J.;Moreira, Rui;Prudencio, Miguel;Lopes, Francisca. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Formula: C13H14BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

A library of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane-8-aminoquinoline hybrids, I [R = Ph, 3-furyl, 4-F₃CC₆H₄, etc.; X = CH(Me), CH₂, (CH₂)₂; Y = CO, CH₂] with the metabolically labile C-5 position of the 8-aminoquinoline moiety blocked with aryl groups, was synthesized and screened for antiplasmodial activity and metabolic stability. The hybrid compounds inhibited development of intra-erythrocytic forms of the multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain, with EC₅₀ values in the nM range, and with low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. The compounds also inhibited the development of P. berghei liver stage parasites, with the most potent compounds displaying EC₅₀ values in the low μM range. SAR anal. revealed that unbranched linkers between the endoperoxide and 8-aminoquinoline pharmacophores are most beneficial for dual antiplasmodial activity. Importantly, hybrids were significantly more potent than a 1:1 mixture of 8-aminoquinoline-tetraoxane, highlighting the superiority of the hybrid approach over the combination therapy. Furthermore, aryl substituents at C-5 of the 8-aminoquinoline moiety improve the compound’s metabolic stability when compared with their primaquine (i.e. C-5 unsubstituted) counterparts. Overall, this study revealed that blocking the quinoline C-5 position does not resulted in loss of dual-stage antimalarial activity, and that tetraoxane-8-aminoquinoline hybrids were an attractive approach to achieve elimination of exo- and intraerythrocytic parasites, thus with the potential to be used in malaria eradication campaigns. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Formula: C13H14BrNO2).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Formula: C13H14BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Pharmacophore-Based Design of Novel Oxadiazoles as Selective Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) Receptor Agonists with in vivo Efficacy was written by Quattropani, Anna;Sauer, Wolfgang H. B.;Crosignani, Stefano;Dorbais, Jerome;Gerber, Patrick;Gonzalez, Jerome;Marin, Delphine;Muzerelle, Mathilde;Beltran, Fanny;Nichols, Anthony;Georgi, Katrin;Schneider, Manfred;Vitte, Pierre-Alain;Eligert, Valerie;Novo-Perez, Laurence;Hantson, Jennifer;Nock, Sebastien;Carboni, Susanna;Soares de Souza, Adriano Luis;Arrighi, Jean-Francois;Boschert, Ursula;Bombrun, Agnes. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2015.Safety of Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate This article mentions the following:

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonists have shown promise as therapeutic agents for multiple sclerosis (MS) due to their regulatory roles within the immune, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Here, the design and optimization of novel [1,2,4]oxadiazole derivatives as selective S1P receptor agonists are described. The structure-activity relation exploration was carried out on the three dominant segments of the series: modification of the polar head group (P), replacement of the oxadiazole linker (L) with different five-membered heterocycles, and the use of diverse 2,2′-disubstituted biphenyl moieties as the hydrophobic tail (H). All three segments have a significant impact on potency, S1P receptor subtype selectivity, physicochem. properties, and in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile of the compounds From these optimization studies, a selective S1P₁ agonist, N-methyl-N-(4-{5-[2-methyl-2′-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}benzyl)glycine (45), and a dual S1P_1,5 agonist, N-methyl-N-(3-{5-[2′-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}benzyl)glycine (49), emerged as frontrunners. These compounds distribute predominantly in lymph nodes and brain over plasma and induce long lasting decreases in lymphocyte count after oral administration. When evaluated head-to-head in an exptl. autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model, together with the marketed drug fingolimod, a pan-S1P receptor agonist, S1P_1,5 agonist 49 demonstrated comparable efficacy while S1P₁-selective agonist 45 was less potent. Compound 49 is not a prodrug, and its improved property profile should translate into a safer treatment of relapsing forms of MS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 957207-58-8Safety of Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate).

Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 957207-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Safety of Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Novel, highly polarizable thiophene derivatives for use in nonlinear optical applications was written by Seed, Alexander;Cross, Gregory J.;Toyne, Kenneth J.;Goodby, John W.. And the article was included in Liquid Crystals in 2003.COA of Formula: C7H9BrS This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of a variety of thiophene-containing materials for use in electrooptic devices requiring highly birefringent materials is reported. The refractive indexes were measured with the use of an Abbe refractometer, and from these results the optical anisotropies, polarizabilities and order parameters were determined The replacement of a Ph ring by thiophene leads to large enhancements of polarizability. The most significant increases in polarizability anisotropy were observed when the rigid core was a collinear 5,5′-disubstituted-2,2′-dithienyl unit. The changes in the optical properties are discussed in terms of the structural units (thiophene, Ph, isothiocyanate, nitrile, butylsulfanyl, alkoxy,and alkylmoieties) used and their positions with respect to the mol. core. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-5-propylthiophene (cas: 172319-75-4COA of Formula: C7H9BrS).

2-Bromo-5-propylthiophene (cas: 172319-75-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.COA of Formula: C7H9BrS

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary