Critical role of structural order in bipolar redox-active molecules for organic redox flow batteries was written by Li, Min;Agarwal, Garvit;Shkrob, Ilya A.;VanderLinden, Ryan T.;Case, Julia;Prater, Matthew;Rhodes, Zayn;Assary, Rajeev S.;Minteer, Shelley D.. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2021.Application of 954-81-4 This article mentions the following:
Bipolar redox-active mols. (BRMs) have been suggested as a means to address crossover related issues in all-organic redox flow batteries (RFBs). In such species, electron donors (anolytes) and electron acceptors (catholytes) are linked by a chain, and the same chem. composition is used in both anode and cathode compartments to reduce chem. gradients and unbalanced ion transport. The resultant RFBs resemble the aqueous vanadium RFBs, but offer greater design flexibility and potentially more favorable electrochem. and physicochem. properties. Yet the complex trade-offs in these properties have been a complication. Here we developed a fundamental rubric to uncover the likely origins in the performance metrics of these BRMs that are salient for their use in RFBs. Methylene linked phenothiazine and phthalimide moieties were employed as model BRMs and variations in their properties and mol. conformations were evaluated by systematically varying the methylene linker. Our results revealed that even minimalistic changes in the linker length resulted in dramatic oscillations in the solubility and stability. Using crystallog., quantum chem., and mol. dynamics, we clarify that the seemingly fluctuating behavior is due to (1) the inter- and intra-mol. charge transfer between the donor and acceptor through bond or/and through space; (2) the formation of distinctive packing/clustering motifs. Both interactions are strongly dependent on the mol. conformation. As these structural factors modify the electronic structure of both electroactive functional groups and do not change monotonically, the structure-property response in BRMs is often complex. Accordingly, these behaviors need to be taken into account in developing BRMs and knowledge of these structural factors will allow the more rational design of BRMs for grid-scale energy storage. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Application of 954-81-4).
N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Application of 954-81-4
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary