Copper is an endogenous modulator of neural circuit spontaneous activity was written by Dodani, Sheel C.;Firl, Alana;Chan, Jefferson;Nam, Christine I.;Aron, Allegra T.;Onak, Carl S.;Ramos-Torres, Karla M.;Paek, Jaeho;Webster, Corey M.;Feller, Marla B.;Chang, Christopher J.. And the article was included in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2014.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate This article mentions the following:
For reasons that remain insufficiently understood, the brain requires among the highest levels of metals in the body for normal function. The traditional paradigm for this organ and others is that fluxes of alkali and alk. earth metals are required for signaling, but transition metals are maintained in static, tightly bound reservoirs for metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. Here we show that copper is an endogenous modulator of spontaneous activity, a property of functional neural circuitry. Using Copper Fluor-3 (CF3), a new fluorescent Cu+ sensor for one- and two-photon imaging, we show that neurons and neural tissue maintain basal stores of loosely bound copper that can be attenuated by chelation, which define a labile copper pool. Targeted disruption of these labile copper stores by acute chelation or genetic knockdown of the CTR1 (copper transporter 1) copper channel alters the spatiotemporal properties of spontaneous activity in developing hippocampal and retinal circuits. The data identify an essential role for copper neuronal function and suggest broader contributions of this transition metal to cell signaling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 107317-58-8Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate).
Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 107317-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary