Month: January 2023

Synthesis of Enamides by Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reaction of Alkyl Azides with Acid Anhydrides in Ionic Liquid was written by Pak, Han Kyu;Han, Junghoon;Jeon, Mina;Kim, Yongjin;Kwon, Yearang;Park, Jin Yong;Rhee, Young Ho;Park, Jaiwook. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2015.Product Details of 14425-64-0 This article mentions the following:

Enamides were synthesized by a ruthenium-catalyzed one-pot, one-step procedure from alkyl azides and acid anhydrides. The substrate scope includes not only secondary azides, but also primary aliphatic ones to give a wide range of enamides containing various functional groups. This one-step procedure was based on the newly discovered activity of Severin’s diruthenium complex ([CpR̂uCl₂]₂: Cp=̂η⁵-1-methoxy-2,4-di-tert-butyl-3-neopentylcyclopentadienyl) for the transformation of alkyl azides into the corresponding N-H imine intermediates in ionic liquids The formation of ruthenium tetrazene complexes was observed in the stoichiometric reaction of Severin’s complex with alkyl azides, which acted as the catalyst for the formation of N-H imine intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0Product Details of 14425-64-0).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Product Details of 14425-64-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Development of Tetrachlorophthalimides as Liver X Receptor β (LXRβ)-Selective Agonists was written by Nomura, Sayaka;Endo-Umeda, Kaori;Makishima, Makoto;Hashimoto, Yuichi;Ishikawa, Minoru. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2016.Recommanded Product: 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists are candidates for the treatment of atherosclerosis via induction of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette A1) gene expression, which contributes to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and to cholesterol efflux from the liver and intestine. However, LXR agonists also induce genes involved in lipogenesis, such as SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory binding element protein 1c) and FAS (fatty acid synthase), thereby causing an undesirable increase in plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels. Recent studies indicate that LXRα contributes to lipogenesis in liver, and selective LXRβ activation improves RCT in mice. Therefore, LXRβ-selective agonists are promising candidates to improve atherosclerosis without increasing plasma or hepatic TG levels. However, the ligand-binding domains in the two LXR isoforms α/β share high sequence identity, and few LXR ligands show subtype selectivity. In this study the authors identified a tetrachlorophthalimide analog as an LXRβ-selective agonist. Structural development led to (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-(2-styrylphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (I), which shows potent and selective LXRβ agonistic activity in reporter gene assays. In binding assays, compound I bound to LXRβ preferentially over LXRα. It also induced the expression of ABCA1 mRNA but not SREBP-1c mRNA in cells. Compound I appears to be a promising lead compound for therapeutic agents to treat atherosclerosis without the side effects induced by LXRα/β dual agonists. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0Recommanded Product: 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Recommanded Product: 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

9,9-Dimethyl Dihydroacridine-Based Organic Photocatalyst for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Modifying “Unstable” Electron Donor was written by Liu, Yiming;Chen, Qi;Tong, Yujie;Ma, Yuguo. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020.Product Details of 162258-89-1 This article mentions the following:

Organic photocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has recently become a research highlight. Organic photocatalysts based on phenothiazine, phenoxazine and phenazine were reported and exhibited remarkable performance. All those structures contain two heteroatoms, which makes the oxidative state (i.e., the radical cation) of the photocatalysts stable enough to complete the catalytic cycle. However, despite for the similar structure, 9,9-di-Me dihydroacridine (DHA) was rarely used for constructing photocatalyst due to its unstable oxidative state. DHA is a weak electron donor that was widely applied in blue emitting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mols. Its weaker electron donating ability will contribute to higher energy level of excited state. And also, the higher oxidation potential of its radical cation will contribute to better controllability due to fast reversible dormancy. In this study, we found that substitution on the active sites of DHA could make it stable enough to be the donor part of donor-acceptor (D-A) type photocatalyst for ATRP. Moreover, chem. modification is necessary for both stabilizing radical cation and improving the controllability in polymerization process. Further modification was made to construct rapid equilibrium between initiation and reversible dormancy, and polymerization with quant. initiator efficiencies was achieved with a polydispersity of 1.14. It is notable that such modification can probably apply to different kinds of electron donors, and various organic chromophores could thus be applied to construct organic photocatalyst with superior performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl (cas: 162258-89-1Product Details of 162258-89-1).

4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl (cas: 162258-89-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Product Details of 162258-89-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Indolyl Azaspiroketal Mannich Bases Are Potent Antimycobacterial Agents with Selective Membrane Permeabilizing Effects and in Vivo Activity was written by Nyantakyi, Samuel Agyei;Li, Ming;Gopal, Pooja;Zimmerman, Matthew;Dartois, Veronique;Gengenbacher, Martin;Dick, Thomas;Go, Mei-Lin. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Recommanded Product: 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

The inclusion of an azaspiroketal Mannich base in the membrane targeting antitubercular 6-methoxy-1-n-octyl-1H-indole scaffold resulted in analogs with improved selectivity and submicromolar activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The potency enhancing properties of the spiro-ring fused motif was affirmed by SAR and validated in a mouse model of tuberculosis. As expected for membrane inserting agents, the indolyl azaspiroketal Mannich bases perturbed phospholipid vesicles, permeabilized bacterial cells and induced the mycobacterial cell envelope stress reporter promoter piniBAC. Surprisingly, their membrane disruptive effects did not appear to be associated with bacterial membrane depolarization. This profile was not uniquely associated with azaspiroketal Mannich bases but was characteristic of indolyl Mannich bases as a class. Whereas resistant mycobacteria could not be isolated for a less potent indolyl Mannich base, the more potent azaspiroketal analog displayed low spontaneous resistance mutation frequency of 10-8/CFU. This may indicate involvement of an addnl. envelope-related target in its mechanism of action. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Recommanded Product: 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Recommanded Product: 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Co-operative halogen bonds and nonconventional sp-C-H·O hydrogen bonds in 1:1 cocrystals formed between diethynylpyridines and N-halosuccinimides was written by Bosch, Eric;Bowling, Nathan P.. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section C: Structural Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

The rapid evaporation of 1:1 solutions of diethynylpyridines and N-halosuccinimides, that react together to form haloalkynes, led to the isolation of unreacted 1:1 cocrystals of the two components. The 1:1 cocrystal formed between 2,6-diethynylpyridine and N-iodosuccinimide (C₄H₄INO₂·C₉H₅N) contains an N-iodosuccinimide-pyridine I·N halogen bond and two terminal alkyne-succinimide carbonyl C-HO hydrogen bonds. The three-dimensional extended structure features interwoven double-stranded supramol. polymers that are interconnected through halogen bonds. The cocrystal formed between 3,5-diethynylpyridine and N-iodosuccinimide (C₄H₄INO₂.C₉H₅N) also features an I·N halogen bond and two C-H·O hydrogen bonds. However, the components form essentially planar double-stranded one-dimensional zigzag supramol. polymers. The cocrystal formed between 3,5-diethynylpyridine and N-bromosuccinimide (C₄H₄BrNO₂.C₉H₅N) is isomorphous to the cocrystal formed between 3,5-diethynylpyridine and N-iodosuccinimide, with a Br·N halogen bond instead of an I·N halogen bond. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Formula: C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Formula: C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Non-Peptide RGD Surrogates Which Mimic a Gly-Asp β-Turn: Potent Antagonists of Platelet Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa was written by Fisher, Matthew J.;Gunn, Bruce;Harms, Cathy S.;Kline, Allen D.;Mullaney, Jeffrey T.;Nunes, Anne;Scarborough, Robert M.;Arfsten, Ann E.;Skelton, Marshall A.;Um, Suzane L.;Utterback, Barbara G.;Jakubowski, Joseph A.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1997.Synthetic Route of C13H14BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

A cyclic heptapeptide which contains an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence has good affinity for the platelet receptor GPIIb-IIIa and was chosen for study by ¹H NMR techniques. The key RGD sequence of this mol. was found to reside in a conformationally defined type II’ Gly-Asp β-turn, and this information was used in the design of simple non-peptide RGD mimics. Disubstituted isoquinolones bearing an acidic side chain at position 2 and a basic side chain at position 6 were prepared and found to have modest affinity for GPIIb-IIIa. Systematic modification of the basic residue contained in these mols. yielded compounds with high affinity for GPIIb-IIIa. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Synthetic Route of C13H14BrNO2).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Synthetic Route of C13H14BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Determination of chlorophenols by capillary gas chromatography was written by Krijgsman, Willem;Van de Kamp, Cornelis G.. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography in 1977.Name: 3-Bromophenyl acetate This article mentions the following:

Single step determination of chlorophenols was achieved by capillary gas chromatog. in which compounds were acetylated prior to injection onto a capillary column coated with SE-30 (stationary phase). The column was connected to an electron capture detector, permitting determinations in ng and sub-ng ranges; e.g. the lower limit of detection for pentachlorophenol acetate [1441-02-7] was ∼1 pg. Principal operating conditions were: separation column 25 m × 0.35 mm; injection block temperature 215°; detector temperature 290°; carrier and splitting gas, He; purge gas, N. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2Name: 3-Bromophenyl acetate).

3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Name: 3-Bromophenyl acetate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of 2-methyl-5-amino-4-oxo-3-sulfonyl esters as precursors of pseudodipeptides was written by Severi, D.;Ettouati, L.;Paris, J.. And the article was included in Letters in Peptide Science in 2002.Related Products of 2178-24-7 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of 2-methyl-5-amino-4-oxo-3-sulfonyl esters Boc-NHCHRCOCH(SO₂Ph)CHMeCO₂Et (Boc = tert-butoxycarbonyl, R = H or Me), potential precursors of XaaΨ[COCH₂]Ala, XaaΨ[E-CH:CH]Ala and XaaΨ[CH₂CH₂]Ala pseudodipeptides, has been investigated by alkylation of glycine- and alanine-derived β-keto sulfones with Et 2-bromo- or 2-(triflyloxy)propionate under basic conditions. Yields of 2-methyl-5-amino-4-oxo-3-sulfonyl esters are low but starting β-keto sulfones are recovered in good yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7Related Products of 2178-24-7).

Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Related Products of 2178-24-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

A Selective Phenelzine Analogue Inhibitor of Histone Demethylase LSD1 was written by Prusevich, Polina;Kalin, Jay H.;Ming, Shonoi A.;Basso, Manuela;Givens, Jeffrey;Li, Xin;Hu, Jianfei;Taylor, Martin S.;Cieniewicz, Anne M.;Hsiao, Po-Yuan;Huang, Rong;Roberson, Heather;Adejola, Nkosi;Avery, Lindsay B.;Casero, Robert A. Jr.;Taverna, Sean D.;Qian, Jiang;Tackett, Alan J.;Ratan, Rajiv R.;McDonald, Oliver G.;Feinberg, Andrew P.;Cole, Philip A.. And the article was included in ACS Chemical Biology in 2014.Safety of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an epigenetic enzyme that oxidatively cleaves Me groups from monomethyl and di-Me Lys 4 of histone H3 (H3K4Me1, H3K4Me2) and can contribute to gene silencing. This study describes the design and synthesis of analogs of a monoamine oxidase antidepressant, phenelzine, and their LSD1 inhibitory properties. A novel phenelzine analog (bizine) containing a phenyl-butyrylamide appendage was shown to be a potent LSD1 inhibitor in vitro and was selective vs. monoamine oxidases A/B and the LSD1 homolog, LSD2. Bizine was found to be effective at modulating bulk histone methylation in cancer cells, and ChIP-seq experiments revealed a statistically significant overlap in the H3K4 methylation pattern of genes affected by bizine and those altered in LSD1-/- cells. Treatment of two cancer cell lines, LNCaP and H460, with bizine conferred a reduction in proliferation rate, and bizine showed additive to synergistic effects on cell growth when used in combination with two out of five HDAC inhibitors tested. Moreover, neurons exposed to oxidative stress were protected by the presence of bizine, suggesting potential applications in neurodegenerative disease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Safety of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Safety of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new fluorine substituted derivatives as angiotensin II receptor antagonists with anti-hypertension and anti-tumor effects was written by Da, Ya-jing;Yuan, Wei-dong;Xin, Ting;Nie, Yong-yan;Ye, Ying;Yan, Yi-Jia;Liang, Li-sha;Chen, Zhi-long. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2012.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and pharmaceutical activity of new potent non-tetrazole angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists were described. These compounds were fluorine substituted derivatives of Losartan, Valsartan and Irbesartan with carboxylic acid group as replacements to the known potent tetrazole moiety at the 2′-biphenyl position. Their activities were evaluated by Ang II receptor binding assay as well as by in vivo assay. All of the synthesized compounds showed nanomolar affinity for the AT₁ receptor subtype. The vivo biol. evaluation showed that compounds 1a, 2 and 4 (I) produced a dose-dependent antihypertensive effect both in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and renal hypertensive rats (RHR). Compound 4 especially showed an efficient and long-lasting effect in reducing blood pressure which can last more than 24 h at dose of 10 mg/kg in SHR, which was much better than control Losartan and Valsartan. Compound 4 can also inhibit the prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. So compound 4 was selected for in-depth investigation as potent, novel and long-lasting non-tetrazole anti-hypertension and anti-tumor drug candidate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate).

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary