Peng, Qiang published the artcileThieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based low bandgap photovoltaic copolymers: Turning the properties by different aza-heteroaromatic donors, Category: bromides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry (2011), 49(20), 4458-4467, database is CAplus.
A new series of low-bandgap copolymers based on electron-accepting thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TPZ) and different electron-donating aza-heteroaromatic units, such as carbazole (CZ), dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (TPR) and dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-e]pyridine (TPY), have been synthesized by Suzuki or Stille coupling polymerization The resulting copolymers were characterized by NMR, elemental anal., gel permeation chromatog., thermogravimetric anal., and differential scanning calorimetry. UV-vis absorption and cyclic voltammetry measurements show that TPZ-based copolymer with TPR has the best absorption due to the strongest intramol. charge transfer effect and smallest bandgap. The basic electronic structure of D-A model compounds of these copolymers were also studied by d. functional theory (DFT) calculations The conclusion of calculation agreed also well with the exptl. results. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on these copolymers were fabricated with a typical structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/copolymer:PC71BM/Ca/Al under the illumination of AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2. The performance results showed that TPZ-based copolymer with TPR donor segments showed highest efficiency of 1.55% due to enhanced short-circuit c.d. The present results indicate that good electronic, optical, and photovoltaic properties of TPZ-based copolymers can be achieved by just fine-tuning the structures of aza-heteroaromatic donor segments for their application in PSCs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry published new progress about 52431-30-8. 52431-30-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene, and the molecular formula is C4Br2N2O4S, Category: bromides-buliding-blocks.
Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary