In 2022,Eftaiha, Ala’a F.; Qaroush, Abdussalam K.; Abo-shunnar, Ahmad S.; Hammad, Suhad B.; Assaf, Khaleel I.; Al-Qaisi, Feda’a M.; Paige, Matthew F. published an article in Langmuir. The title of the article was 《Interfacial Behavior of Modified Nicotinic Acid as Conventional/Gemini Surfactants》.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks The author mentioned the following in the article:
We report the synthesis and monolayer properties of conventional and gemini surfactants composed of nicotinic acid-based head groups with an emphasis on assessing how chem. structures affect the behavior of monolayers. A combination of Brewster angle microscopy and at. force microscopy showed that pure hexadecyl nicotinate formed rippled strands in monolayers, and the gemini correspondents with either flexible or rigid organic linkers resulted in lobed-compact domains, which provides a simple method for patterning air-water and solid-air interfaces. The structural differences between conventional and gemini nicotinic acid-based surfactants could be explained by the interplay between line tension (that favors the formation of circular domains), balanced by dipole-dipole repulsion interaction between headgroups, which promotes extended domains. Miscibility and morphol. studies of the modified nicotinic acid surfactants with palmitic acid demonstrated that the properties of mixed films can be controlled by the structure of the former. Excess Gibbs free energies of mixing indicated that the mixed films were less stable than the pure monolayers, and the pos. deviations from ideality were the largest in the case of gemini surfactants.1,4-Bis(bromomethyl)benzene(cas: 623-24-5Category: bromides-buliding-blocks) was used in this study.
1,4-Bis(bromomethyl)benzene(cas: 623-24-5) belongs to organobromine compounds.The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. Dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, Wittig reaction, and several nucleophilic substitution reactions are some of the principal reactions which involve organic bromides.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary