Product Details of 2969-81-5In 2020 ,《In situ NMR metrology reveals reaction mechanisms in redox flow batteries》 appeared in Nature (London, United Kingdom). The author of the article were Zhao, Evan Wenbo; Liu, Tao; Jonsson, Erlendur; Lee, Jeongjae; Temprano, Israel; Jethwa, Rajesh B.; Wang, Anqi; Smith, Holly; Carretero-Gonzalez, Javier; Song, Qilei; Grey, Clare P.. The article conveys some information:
Large-scale energy storage is becoming increasingly critical to balancing renewable energy production and consumption. Organic redox flow batteries, made from inexpensive and sustainable redox-active materials, are promising storage technologies that are cheaper and less environmentally hazardous than vanadium-based batteries, but they have shorter lifetimes and lower energy d. Thus, fundamental insight at the mol. level is required to improve performance. Here we report two in situ NMR methods of studying redox flow batteries, which are applied to two redox-active electrolytes: 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ) and 4,4′-((9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-diyl)dioxy) dibutyrate (DBEAQ). In the first method, we monitor the changes in the 1H NMR shift of the liquid electrolyte as it flows out of the electrochem. cell. In the second method, we observe the changes that occur simultaneously in the pos. and neg. electrodes in the full electrochem. cell. Using the bulk magnetization changes (observed via the 1H NMR shift of the water resonance) and the line broadening of the 1H shifts of the quinone resonances as a function of the state of charge, we measure the potential differences of the two single-electron couples, identify and quantify the rate of electron transfer between the reduced and oxidized species, and determine the extent of electron delocalization of the unpaired spins over the radical anions. These NMR techniques enable electrolyte decomposition and battery self-discharge to be explored in real time, and show that DHAQ is decomposed electrochem. via a reaction that can be minimized by limiting the voltage used on charging. We foresee applications of these NMR methods in understanding a wide range of redox processes in flow and other electrochem. systems. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Product Details of 2969-81-5)
Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Product Details of 2969-81-5
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary