In 2022,Tang, Qun; Xie, Yu; Liu, Yongpeng; Zheng, Lifang published an article in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. The title of the article was 《Synthesis of mitochondria-targeted menadione cation derivatives: Inhibiting mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2) and inducing apoptosis in MGC-803 cells》.Application In Synthesis of 8-Bromooctanoic acid The author mentioned the following in the article:
Menadione (VK3) is used as a powerful inducer of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) for many years and displays high anti-cancer activities in vivo. Recently, the development of mitochondria-targeted drugs has been more and more appreciated. Here, thirteen derivatives of VK3, I [R1 = H, Me, MeO, R2 = pyridinium, quinolinium, triphenylphosphonium, n = 9, 6, 4], were synthesized, which could localize in mitochondria by the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation or the nitrogen-based cation. The results of cytotoxicity from six human cancer cell lines showed that the targeted compounds I displayed higher activity than VK3 with the average IC50 value around 1μM. The results of cytotoxicity indicated that the substituents on C-2, the linear alkyl chains on C-3 and the cation moiety all could affect the cytotoxicity. The mechanistic studies showed that five representative compounds, I [R1 = Me, R2 = triphenylphosphonium, n = 9; R1 = MeO, R2 = triphenylphosphonium, n = 9; R1 = Me, R2 = pyridinium, n = 9; R1 = Me, R2 = quinolinium, n = 9; R1 = Me, R2 = triphenylphosphonium, n = 4], could localize in cellular mitochondria, elicit ROS burst and collapse mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), leading to cytochrome C release and apoptosis in MGC-803 cells. Particularly, they could obviously inhibit mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase TrxR2 expression, thus leading to aggravate cellular oxidative stress. In the experiment, the researchers used 8-Bromooctanoic acid(cas: 17696-11-6Application In Synthesis of 8-Bromooctanoic acid)
8-Bromooctanoic acid(cas: 17696-11-6) acid is used in the synthesis of 8-(N-Methyl-4,4′-bipyridinyl)- octanoic acid. 8-Mercaptooctanoic acid was prepared from 8-bromooctanoic acid. And 8-Bromooctanoic Acid is a useful compound for sonodynamic therapy.Application In Synthesis of 8-Bromooctanoic acid
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary