In 2019,European Journal of Pharmacology included an article by Wojcik-Pszczola, Katarzyna; Chlon-Rzepa, Grazyna; Jankowska, Agnieszka; Ellen, Eugenie; Swierczek, Artur; Pociecha, Krzysztof; Koczurkiewicz, Paulina; Piska, Kamil; Gawedzka, Anna; Wyska, Elzbieta; Knapik-Czajka, Malgorzata; Pekala, Elzbieta; Gosens, Reinoud. Safety of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate. The article was titled 《Novel phosphodiesterases inhibitors from the group of purine-2,6-dione derivatives as potent modulators of airway smooth muscle cell remodelling》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:
Airway remodelling (AR) is an important pathol. feature of chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The etiol. of AR is complex and involves both lung structural and immune cells. One of the main contributors to airway remodelling is the airway smooth muscle (ASM), which is thickened by asthma, becomes more contractile and produces more extracellular matrix. As a second messenger, adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) has been shown to contribute to ASM cell (ASMC) relaxation as well as to anti-remodelling effects in ASMC. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have drawn attention as an interesting new group of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling drugs. Recently, new hydrazide and amide purine-2,6-dione derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties have been synthesized by our team (compounds 1 and 2). The results show that both compounds have subtype specificity for several PDE isoforms (including inhibition of PDE1, PDE3, PDE4 and PDE7). Interestingly, such combined PDE subtype inhibition exerts improved anti-remodelling efficacies against several ASMC-induced responses such as proliferation, contractility, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression and migration when compared to other non-selective and selective PDE inhibitors. Our findings open novel perspectives in the search for new chem. entities with dual anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling profiles in the group of purine-2,6-dione derivatives as broad-spectrum PDE inhibitors. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Safety of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate)
Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents.Safety of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary